Famous Mothers in History Ancient Through Modern

In honor of Mothers Day, here are some of historys more famous (and infamous) mothers and women who were given the nickname Mother. Abigail Adams Abigail Adams  was married to one US president and was also the mother of a president.  She managed the familys business when her husband was overseas. Aelfgifu Aelfgifu was the mother of the long-serving Anglo-Saxon king, Aethelraed, sometimes known as the Unready.  She disappears from  history when her husband was overthrown and then returned to power when he married  Emma of Normandy, known for marrying two different kings and for bearing each an heir who became king. Josephine Baker Josephine Baker adopted twelve children after World War II to make her home a model of world brotherhood.  Shes known less for this, though, than for her career as a performer. Anne Beauchamp Anne Beauchamp was the mother of Anne Neville (the Princess of Wales, when married to Henry VIs heir, and later Queen of England in her marriage to Richard III) and Isabel Neville (married to George, Duke of Clarence, who attempted for a time to become king of England).  Anne Beauchamps husband, Richard Neville, the 16th Earl of Warwick, was famous for his roles in the Wars of the Roses as the Kingmaker, switching sides several times. Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon,  daughter of Isabella I, was the mother of  Queen Mary I  of England, who died  childless. Lydia Maria Child Lydia Maria Child wrote books in the early 19th century to guide mothers in raising their children and running a home; she was also an active abolitionist.  And shes also the author of a long-beloved lyric used as a Thanksgiving and winter holiday song. Marie Curie Marie Curie, known as the Mother of Modern Physics, was twice a Nobel Prize winner (in different fields). Her daughter Irene also was awarded a Nobel Prize, sharing it with her mother. Margaret Douglas Margaret Douglass son, Henry Steward, Lord Darnley, married Mary, Queen of Scots, and gave his family name to the royal family following the Tudors, the Stuarts.  Margaret Douglas was a niece of Tudor king Henry VIII and granddaughter of Henry VII, first Tudor king of England.  She was also a friend of Englands Mary I. Eleanor of Aquitaine Eleanor of Aquitaine  was the mother of three kings; her daughters married into the royal houses of Europe; shes been called the Mother of Europe. Elizabeth, Queen Mum Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was the  mother of Queen Elizabeth II. Elizabeth of York Elizabeth of York was the daughter of  Edward IV and  Elizabeth Woodville and was the queen consort of Henry VII and the mother of Prince Arthur,  Henry VIII, Mary  Tudor, and  Margaret Tudor. Elizabeth Woodville Elizabeth Woodville  married Edward IV, disrupting plans of some of his allies to marry him to European.  Her descendants from her first marriage to Sir John Grey and her second to Edward IV included many key figures in history. Isabella I of Castile Isabella I of Castile  was the mother of five living children, including Queen  Juana, known as the Mad, her  heir; Catherine of Aragon; her first heir; Juan who died before his parents did; and Isabella and Maria, who successively married Manuel I of Portugal and had many descendants, many of whom intermarried as part of the Habsburg dynasty. Mary Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots  was the mother of James I of England, first Stuart king. Mother Jones Called the most dangerous woman in America, all four of her children died in a yellow fever epidemic long before her career as a labor organizer. Empress Matilda Empress Matilda  was the mother of Henry II, first Plantagenet king. Cecily Neville Cecily Neville played a role in the conflicts later called the Wars of the Roses in medieval England.  Her 13 children included Edward IV of England; Margaret, who married the Duke of Burgundy; George, who was a contender for the throne of England for a few years; and Richard III. Olympias Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great, was also known as an ambitious and violent ruler. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis  was the mother of John F. Kennedy, jr., Caroline Kennedy, and the short-lived Patrick Kennedy. Anne Morrow Lindbergh Anne was a pilot herself, married to the famous Charles Lindbergh; their son was the subject of a tragic kidnapping. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton  was a womens suffrage leader and mother of eight;  one daughter also became a leader in the  movement. Lucy Stone Lucy Stone  was a suffrage leader alone with her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa of Calcutta won the  Nobel Peace Prize  in 1979 for her work as part of an order of nuns serving in Calcutta. Margaret Tudor Margaret Tudor  was the grandmother of Mary, Queen of Scots, and of her husband Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley. Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft  was famous as an early feminist; her daughter, Mary Shelley, wrote the novel  Frankenstein.

Transformation and Improvement of Television Hardware Essay

For the past 100 years, television has become one of the key technologies to modern population. Not only does it have the ability to transform and adapt various domestic, national and cultural contexts, but have a seemingly infinite variety of programme genres, as well. What is more, it shares a quality with radio of being able to broadcast events to the public as they happen. This capacity is sometimes connected to television’s characteristic â€Å"liveness†. Television is at a crucial moment in its development. Transformation is the main characteristic of the contemporary field of television. Big changes and improvements of television’s technological hardware, increasing satellite services and analogue-to-digital broadcasting transitions are†¦show more content†¦Adequate theory and methods of analysis can be presented to evaluate the cultural force of television’s liveness. Paddy Scannell states a similar point in his book Radio, Television and Modern Life (1996): ‘The liveness of broadcast coverage is the key to its impact, since it offers the real sense of access to an event in its moment-by-moment unfolding’ (Ibid, 84). Even though, liveness is not a focused concept in Scannell’s analysis of radio and television in his book, he still explores how the experience of contemporary culture has changed in the modern world. Scannell writes: ‘The liveness of the world returns through the liveness of radio and television – their most fundamental common characteristic. The liveness is here understood as the specific temporality, the phenomenal now of broadcasting, and this now is magical’ (Ibid, 172). With this statement Paddy Scannell enforces the liveness to define radio and television intense attraction. Broadcasting is considered a primary function of television, as Paddy Scannell supports this point in his article on the September 11 (2004) television event. There he states that the ‘power of live broadcasting’ is what reinforces the ‘meaningful character of existence, even when it appears to be collapsing in ruins before our disbelieving eyes’ (Ibid, 583). To be able to reassure viewers of the significance of life is truly a great power. On the other hand, television consists of multiple functions, not only liveShow MoreRelatedHow the 1970’s Sparked the Video Game Industry2187 Words   |  9 Pagesfrom burning the brain cells of the youth to helping senior citizens keep them, from avoiding homework to helping with homework (â€Å"The Transformation of the Video Game Industry† 1). 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Organizational Justice and Leadership Style-Samples for Students

Question: Identify and select a leader whom you view as an effective leader. He/she could be a public figure or someone with whom you are familiar, be it in your work, social or school environment. Do not select a fictitious character. Reflect on his/her traits, characteristics and behaviour. Answer: Effective leader is one who has a strong character and exhibits all its ethics and responsibilities that include integrity and honesty just like Mark Zuckerberg, who is the co founder of Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg is considered as an effective leader who rose to fame very fast after becoming a web entrepreneur and is now one of the youngest billionaires in the world. In this report, a clear reflection on his traits and behavior will be evaluated along with his view on his leadership style. The few traits of Mark Zuckerberg include his zeal to make ideas into reality and to do business that might help them to recover from the high purposes in the business. There is a need to believe in the team members and to faith on the services that needs to be sold. Zuckerberg was never a business person and has been a coder and a developer and never did he want to move away from taking risks. He has always been an encouraging leader who was aggressive at the same time. He is a person who demands for growth and innovation at the same time and so made his office environment free and work friendly. He deliberately encourages his employees to work more and tries to deliver the best out of them. He is regarded as being over assertive and wants to get things as his way (Strom, Sears and Kelly 2014). He encourages his team mates to strive for improvement and also to mark on the different innovation ideas of the employees. The style of the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg is a mixture of the autocratic, democratic and lassies-fraises (Saleem, us Saqib and Zahra 2015). He encourages his fellow colleagues to complete a task and then move on to another and hence, this can be considered as the reason for the world wide achievement of Facebook. He often considers the feedbacks that he has received from the different colleagues and has made a clear layout of it along with the different features in order to make the people feel connected (Renko et al. 2015). He often let his colleagues make the different changes in Facebook layout and he never makes an effort to disturb them. He never treated his co workers as his sub ordinates but as his friends. Zuckerberg is considered very innovative and independent in his styles of leadership. The key belief is to make an observing and an accepting way towards the social norms. There is a need for the leaders to feel relevant and sync with the different perceptions of the world and also to make a clear understanding of it. He also has the ability to explain the different leading activities of facebook and the reasons for its drawbacks from a vision point of view that will help from iterating and refining from the status quo (Herrmann and Felfe 2014). The hope for the modern and the relevant visions for the different modern and improving increments will be missed because of the iterations that are not enough radical in order to capture the social norms of the current stage. He always uses his leadership style when making a decision. He is so down to earth that he does not place himself above his employees. These can be considered as the few traits that should be visible in any leader in the social context. His leadership style that is unique and a mixture of all the autocratic, democratic and laisses and faisses and this style has made him very famous and very humble. He is a respected person and he is one of our looked upon leader, who is loved world wide. References Herrmann, D. and Felfe, J., 2014. Effects of leadership style, creativity technique and personal initiative on employee creativity.British Journal of Management,25(2), pp.209-227. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A.L. and Brnnback, M., 2015. Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.54-74. Saleem, M.A., us Saqib, N. and Zahra, S., 2015. Impact of job engagement and team processes on organizational learning: examining moderating role of leadership style.Studies,4(1). Strom, D.L., Sears, K.L. and Kelly, K.M., 2014. Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), pp.71-82.

What is involved in pilgrimage Essay Example

What is involved in pilgrimage Essay What is involved in pilgrimage? Illustrate the differing approaches to pilgrimage by referring to 2 or more places of pilgrimage.The word Pilgrimage means the journey to a holy place. Pilgrimages are found in all of the religions in the world. Islams go to Makkah, Hindus go to Benares on the River Gange, Buddhas go to Bodhgaya, Sikhs go to Amritsar and Jews and Christians go to Jerusalem. There are many different reasons people go on Pilgrimage. Some people go to feel the holiness of a place. Some go to come closer to God or to seek his forgiveness. Others go to show their devotion to God, it is a commitment in their Religion. Another reason they go is to seek Gods help. This could be in a physical way, a healing or cure from a disease, or in a more spiritual way.Pilgrimage is not a new idea. In Genesis 47:9 it saysAnd Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.One of the main places of Christian pilgrimage is Lourdes. In February 1858, Bernadette Soubirous, the sickly daughter of a poor miller was collecting fire wood with her sister and a friend near a cave called Massabielle, on the outskirts Lourdes, which was then a small unknown French Pyrenean town.Bernadettes sister and her friend crossed the nearby stream to pick up more wood, but Bernadette stayed on the side of the grotto, afraid she may catch a chill from crossing through the cold water. While the others were gone, Bernadette prayed the Rosary and saw the first of 18 apparitions of Mary, Christs mother. In one of these visions she told Bernadette to drink at the spring Bernadette scrapped at the ground where the lady pointed and unearthed the spring which people the world over now come to bathe in, in the hope that their faith in God will bring them healing from the ailments which aff lict them.Lourdes is a huge Pilgrimage base. Over 2 million people visit it a year. During the pilgrimage many different events take place. There are special masses, candlelight processions in the dark and many different youth activities. There is a special Lourdes hymn that is sung during all of these. The main attraction to Lourdes is the healing springs. Millions of people bathe in these springs each year. These waters have special healing powers and thousands of healings have taken place. These can range from physical healings, healing broken bones and disabilities, to spiritual healings, strengthening peoples faith in God. Lots of people bottle the water and take it home for those who couldnt make the pilgrimage. Pilgrims can also visit the Grotto. This is where Bernadette had her visions. Here people experience a feeling of peacefulness and calm. Gods presence is very strong here. Another special event at Lourdes is the Baths. Here pilgrims where special robes and bathe in hol y water. When they are finished they get out and without drying they get into their clothes.Another place for Roman Catholic pilgrimage is Rome. Rome is the centre of the Roman Catholic Church. Millions of Catholics visit here each year. There were 7 pilgrim churches founded when the Roman Empire became Christian and there is a pilgrimage travelling the route to these churches. The Emperor Constantine built St Peters church which contains the tomb of St Peter and the church of St Paul over St Pauls tomb. There are pilgrimages to these as well. Many Catholics also visit Rome because it is where the Pope LIVES. The current Pope gives a mass every Easter and Christmas. This is extremely popular and lots of Catholics attend.AO2Explain the part pilgrimage plays in the religious life of Christians. In your answer include reference to the pilgrimages you have mentioned above.The idea of a special journey is not a new idea. The first pilgrimages would have been people climbing to the top of hills to be closer to God, or their Gods back then. In Judaism one of the great spiritual discoveries is that we are all pilgrims, strangers seeking God. The idea of Pilgrimage goes back to the beginning of Christianity as well. The Disciples all followed Jesus to get closer to him and God.There are many different reasons why people go on pilgrimages. One reason is that they fell a requirement to because of their Religion. All Muslims must travel to Mecca once in their life. Sometimes people save up for decades so that they can afford to go. For these Pilgrims their Pilgrimage is a religious accomplishment. It is one of the five pillars of Islam; it is something they have to do in their life.Another reason some people go on Pilgrimage is to learn more about their faith or to visit places in the bible. A visit to Rome or to the Holy Land gives a person greater awareness of their faith and its history which in turn helps their faith and understanding. They can do it to see places in Jesus life, helping them understand his life better. Seeing the places where certain bible events happened may help them understand it better.Some people go on pilgrimage for a healing. This can be physical or spiritual. The main place they would go for this is Lourdes due to the huge amount of recorded healings. People would go on this Pilgrimage so they could bathe in the special waters Bernadette uncovered.Other people go on Pilgrimages to get closer to God. They may have a damaged or inexistent religious life and they feel a need to mend it. They would go to try to discover God for themselves, get closer and deepen their relationship. People who have bathed in the waters at Lourdes have also experienced religious healings rather than physical ones. People have gone hoping for physical healings and havent got them, but have claimed they can accept their illness now. This is what deepening their relationship with God is.Some people go on Pilgrimages as a devotion to a religious pe rson or a Saint. Some people feel a particular devotion to Mary if they feel she has helped them in their life. These people may travel to Lourdes as a devotion to her.A different reason why people go on Pilgrimage is as penance. If they feel they have been particularly bad or done a really awful sin they will go on Pilgrimage as a penance to God, begging for forgiveness. This happened a lot in ancient times, where people would go on long, treacherous journeys so that they would be forgiven of their sins.Praying for a certain person is another reason to go on Pilgrimage. If someone close to them is very ill or has a big life changing decision ahead of them then they may go on pilgrimage to pray for them.Some Christians believe that their whole life is a pilgrimage that is leading them towards God. They believe their experiences are teaching them about God and helping them to become closer to Him.AO3Places of pilgrimage tend to be very commercialised these days. This is bound to redu ce the value of the pilgrimage for Christians. Do you agree? Give reasons showing you have considered more than one point of view.Nowadays places of Pilgrimage tend to be very commercialised. If you search for Lourdes on the internet then you get hundreds of hotels giving you the best deal. Shops are all offering to sell you official Lourdes merchandise. You can but ashtrays, pens, and lighters, anything inscribed with Lourdes. There are hundreds of different coaches offering to take you on wonderful tours of the place. There are shops, bars, and cafes all hoping to squeeze every last penny out of the Pilgrims. This isnt just Lourdes though, this can be said for Jerusalem, Rome and any other Pilgrimage base. Does all this commercialisation take away the effect of the place for Christians?A lot of Christians would say that the commercialisation does take away the effect of the place. They would say that a lot of money is being made at the expense of religion, and this is wrong. Becau se these places are commercialised, they often attract tourists and noise is created. This noise distracts people and takes the emphasis of the place they are in away from them. It also takes the emphasis of religion away. This commercialisation has turned religious Pilgrimage bases into normal holiday resorts. A Pilgrim who went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land said this of bathing in the Dead Sea, a unique experience indeed as was advertised on the notice, but spoiled a bit for me by the large numbers of tourists.But some Christians would disagree with this. If it werent for commercialisation, pilgrimage would still be at its medieval stage and pilgrims would travel on horseback for months on end to cross the borders into far away cities. Nowadays, the ancient style of pilgrimage is just seen as inconvenient. Travelling and accommodation today is now all commercialised and this wouldnt exist if it werent for it. In ancient times, the pilgrimage was a dangerous journey, but nowaday s the biggest risk is the possibility of getting slight jet lag. To stay in a comfortable hotel and to fly to a pilgrimage site is a more luxurious experience, making you more relaxed, putting you in a happier state of mind. If you feel happier then this will bring you closer to God. Buying a souvenir of your pilgrimage is also something many people wish to do. They like to have something they can look at and it reminds them of the place and their journey. Surely this cannot be a bad thing.I believe that commercialisation is not a bad thing. It makes the whole process easier and more convenient for all Pilgrims. It is nice for them to be comfortable when they are at their pilgrimage in a nice hotel. It is good that they can relax in the restaurants and cafes. There is a point where commercialisation goes a bit too far though. When there are stalls set up along pilgrimage paths selling lighters and ashtrays inscribed with the name it is not good. It is nice to have a small souvenir b ut when the name is put on any cheap rubbish it is wrong.