Writing skills Essay Example for Free

Writing skills Essay The study of Neville looks in the way of addressing academic literacy within the University level. He highlighted several important factors that make such feat difficult for students to achieve. â€Å"In this paper I describe examples of students’ difficulties in developing academic literacy, and show how these difficulties relate not only to students’ own developing understanding of academic Discourse but also to their awareness of themselves as apprentices of it. † (Neville, 1997, p. 40) It is through this that the author mentioned the factors of truly understanding the nature of reading and writing among students that impedes such process. â€Å"For many students, difficulties with academic literacy most immediately concern the actual process of reading or writing rather than what is finally produced. † (Neville, 1997, p. 40) It is through these issues that both the content and final product outputs are compromised. It is through this that he highlights the different facets both in reading and writing that seems to be problematic. With this, he interpreted the understanding of academic culture as a means of addressing such deficiency in writing skills. â€Å"Academic culture is concerned with the development and communication of knowledge, and academic writing has evolved to meet the needs of culture. † (Neville, 1997, p. 41) On the other hand, in relation with reading, the author argued that there needs to be better insights on how reading should be among students. â€Å"They must themselves become academic readers, and so treat reading not as mere preparation for writing – productive, but passive and safe – but critical and active process itself. † (Neville, 1997, p. 41) In the end, Neville argued that students – if such actions continue to be present within the educational system, may experience difficulties coping with these standards. â€Å"It is time for academic literacy, literacy at the tertiary level, to take a legitimate place on the political and educational agenda. † (Neville, 1997, p. 49) Reference: Burke, D. J. (1995) ‘Connecting Content and Motivation: Education’s Missing Link’ in Peabody Journal of Education. 70 no. 2 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 66-81 Establishing the need for educational motivation within the content of teaching is what Burke emphasizes in the article. He sees the foundation of learning to be linking and finding the gap between content within the curriculum and motivation for both students and teachers. After which he pointed out the problem concerning the presumption that content and motivation should be treated separately. â€Å"Unfortunately for students and teachers, perhaps equally so for learning, until separate and unequal treatment of the content-motivation relationship is replaced by their colligation, academic achievement should not be expected to rise significantly† (Burke, 1995, p. 70) After such analysis and explanation of the problem, he then pursues the importance of motivation in educational institutions. â€Å"Motivation is always in ‘potential form’ until it impels or ignites activity. † (Burke, 1995, p. 70) He highlights the importance of putting motivation hand-in-hand with content so as to create a foundation of a deeper understanding of the curriculum imparted to students. Through this, Burke dwells into the issue of motivation by dwelling on its relevance to psychology particularly among students. â€Å"The successful teacher, in order to facilitate the connection between motivation and content, will be better-served by an outward sensitivity to psychological factors including learner need identification, be it social, physical, emotional, or intellectual. † (Burke, 1995, p. 70) With this, the article pointed out the responsibility of the educator to formally create mechanisms and practices that will promote and uplift motivation among students. This can be done by creating facilitation techniques and skills that will test and create an environment for motivation. â€Å"A variety of learning activities, specific content objectives, and wide-ranging instructional techniques should be designed for every learning experience. † (Burke, 1995, p. 70) Reference: Bringle, R. G. and Hatcher, J. A. (1996) ‘Implementing Service Learning in Higher Education’ in The Journal of Higher Education. 67 no. 2. Ohio State University Press. pp. 221-239. Incorporating service learning within the realm of higher education is the main argument proposed by both Bringle and Hatcher. They emphasized its relative importance not only to the social development of students. But on the other hand, it seeks to promote a holistic experience to educators and students. â€Å"We view service learning as credit-bearing educational experience in which students participate in an organized service activity that meets identified community needs and reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain further understanding of course content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility. † (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 222) Learning for them, must be understood not only as a activity and action that revolves around the confinement of the classroom, but also on other facets. With this, the article provided methods and practices that can create service learning within the branch of higher education. Both authors provided a model (CAPSL) that seeks to address the initial program on hand. They proposed different schemes starting from the initial planning stage towards the completion of the overall program. It is through this that they adhere the relative importance of universities. â€Å"The university, as an institution, can be both the means of and the object of data collection that monitors program development, evaluates institutional outcomes, and publishes the results of this research in professional journals. † (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 227) By creating a collaborative effort for all actors within the academe and educational sector, the program and dynamics can itself create awareness, practice and mechanism for change. â€Å"The CAPSL provides a heuristic for guiding the development of a service learning programs in higher education. † (Bringle and Hatcher, 1996, p. 236) References Bringle, R. G. and Hatcher, J. A. (1996) ‘Implementing Service Learning in Higher Education’ in The Journal of Higher Education. 67 no. 2. Ohio State University Press. pp. 221-239. Burke, D. J. (1995) ‘Connecting Content and Motivation: Education’s Missing Link’ in Peabody Journal of Education. 70 no. 2 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 66-81 Nevile, M. (1996) ‘Literacy culture shock: Developing academic literacy at University in Copyright Agency Limited. 19 no. 1 Retrieved March 24, 2008. pp. 38-51

Minority Cultures in Pittsburgh Essay -- Sociology, Culture, Jewish Co

Minority Culture --- Jewish Theme 1 --- Holidays/Traditions There is no way to define someone as â€Å"Jewish† in terms of race; there is no â€Å"Jewish race.† Judaism has a long history; Jewish identity is a combination of this history as well as religious and ethnic variables. There are also several different ways to practice Judaism such as Orthodox, Reformed, Liberal, and Masorti. The Orthodo Jews often follow most strictly the laws and observances of Judaism and will often times send their child to privates Jewish schools at synagogues, therefore it is most likely that I would encounter students that practice as less strict form of Judaism (Chinn, Gollnick p.254). According to 2009 religious affiliation information from the US Census, Pennsylvania’s Jewish population makes up 2.3% of the total population (Table 76. Religious bodies selected data) and according to the Jewish Virtual Library 88% of the Jewish population in Pennsylvania resides in Pittsburgh or Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). One holiday that is uniform amongst all Jewish cultures is Hanukkah. Hanukkah is not considered to be a â€Å"high† festival because it is not regulated in the Torah; however Hanukkah is important to Jewish families because it signifies their refusal to integrate into mainstream culture. Hanukkah has very clear origins. It was first celebrated in 165 B.C.E. when a small group of Jews (The Maccabees) overcame the Syrian oppressors to preserve their culture and way of life and re-dedicate their temple which had previously been taken over by the Syrians. The Syrians sought to destroy the Jewish faith and convert all Jews over to Hellenism (Cardoza p. 83-84). One of the most recognized practices of Hanukkah is the lighting of the eight candles on the... ...e importance of education for children. Many Jewish families will set aside time and money to ensure their children receive a good education in all aspects, including school, religion, and extracurricular activities (Jewish family life and customs: a practical guide). When Jews began immigrating to America they immediately embraced education as the proper path to success and opportunity for themselves and for their children. This is perhaps the reason from the shift in importance of strictly religious studies to the importance of a â€Å"secular† education in the public schools. In a documentary series by David Grubin entitled The Jewish Americans, one Jewish-American woman (Letty Cottin Pogrebin) describes her experience: â€Å"Succeeding academically, are you kidding me, was there anything else? I didn’t feel I had to be pretty or anything else, I had to be smart.†

Article Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Group Essay

Down though the years there has always been tension and an on and off relationship between the community they serve and law enforcement agencies. And as with any relationship between two people there are misunderstanding, break-up and disagreements and the same is with the relationship between the community and its law enforcement agencies but just with any relationship at day’s end both the community and law enforcement have and share common concerns such as justice and deterrence. With many of communities in America being incursion of immigrants within the last few decades; with this incursion of immigrants many communities are being bombard with so many new language and cultures diversity. Because of this wide range of ethnicity now living within many the walls of our communities and society on a whole now have different opinions and views of law enforcement. Now due to the various ethnicities flooding our communities the author will investigate how a few of these ethnicity groups like: African Americans, Asians and the Hispanics neighborhoods views racial profiling, discrimination and past experience with law enforcement agencies. Taking a look at the traumatized relationship and association between the two, as well as the interaction and reaction from the law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Since the conception of the law enforcement agencies race has long since been a vital playing card in policing. Even with the knowledge, awareness and understanding of this there has been some improvement but not enough. Racial opus of law enforcement alongside the racial outline of arrest, the raise in the number of arrest of non- minority like â€Å"Caucasian† by non-white law enforcement officers, while there were lower numbers of arrest by the same officers on other ethnic groups. On the flip side of that coin, more â€Å"Caucasian† officers had a boost in the number of non-white arrest in comparison to the number of arrest involving â€Å"Caucasians†. Race has been a polarizingelement the in the society of America for years. And this is every so prevalent within the criminal justice system. Clashes involving both the communities and law enforcement are the flashpoint for practically every current inner- city riot. Ethnic Groups. The raise of culture variety and immigration has from time to time made interaction with law enforcement difficult. Hispanics and Asian neighborhoods are often apprehensive of law enforcement officers due to their past occurrence. Their past incidents vary from their motherland of origin that was overwhelmed by civil unrest and war. This included exploitation of power by those of authority as well as much dishonesty within law enforcement agencies of that country. For this cause many minorities groups have a apprehension and more often than not an aversion to law enforcement officers. Like within the Hispanic neighborhoods, they often feel that law enforcement agents differentiates them by racial profiling them all because of their nationality. In Arizona this is a very contentious SB 1070 unlawful migration bill that passed given law enforcement agents the power and authority to inquire of certain individual (Hispanic) of proof of documentation of legal right to be in America. This law is being adopted in other states as well like New Jersey and Texas, any where there is a high population of Hispanics. IthasbeenreportedbytwoethnicgroupsAfricanAmericansandHispanic/Latinos affirm subordinate levels of agreement concerning their relationship with police officers as compared to those of their counterpart â€Å"Caucasians†. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos claims that there is less willingness to obey and to follow orders given by authorities especially of Caucasian origin. Racial profiling has consistently been one of the most confounding, divisive and controversial issues the police department confronts. A perception that police target members of specific ethnic or racial groups creates a deep divide between the police and the communities we serve. But as an officer who has spent a lot of time patrolling the city’s streets, I just don’t think the perception is accurate. (Dutta, 2010) True racial profiling, in which people are targeted solely because of race or ethnicity, is both illegal and immoral. It destroys public trust and reduces the effectiveness of the police. There is no place for it in law enforcement. And I firmly believe that most LAPD officers support that viewpoint. Even the reported statement of the officer that he couldn’t do his job without racial profiling was most likely misinterpreted. (Dutta, 2010) Differentiation between minorities and Caucasians is how they relate and response to law enforcement agents and how fairly or unjustly he or she feels their treatment was. This is a how many African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos responded when asked by authorities regarding their relationship with law enforcement agencies this is less equality than when Caucasians reported. Reference: Dutta, Sunil, Los Angeles Times, Criminal Profiling vs. Racial Profiling 11- 22- 2010 Retrieved 05/20/2013 http://articles. latimes.com/2010/nov/22/opinion/la-oe-dutta-racial-profiling-20101122 Newport, Frank, Gallup News Service, Racial Profiling is Seen as Widespread, Particularly Among Young Black Men, 12-11-1999 Retrieved 05/20/2013 http://www. gallup. com/poll/3421/racial-profiling-seen-widespread-particularly-among- young-black-men. aspx Maxson, Cheryl, Hennigan, Karen,Sloane, David C. ,Factors That Influence Public Opinion of the Police ,06, 2003 : Police discipline and misconduct, community policing, and media. Retrieved 05/20/2013 -http://www. nij. gov/pubs-sum/197925. htm.

Experiences with Faith Essay - 601 Words

What is faith? Faith is something different to everyone. If you asked a hundred different people, you would get many different answers. Faith holds an extremely complex meaning when discussing it in the context of religion. Faith is a belief. It holds true to every religious and non-religious person. Every faith involves a decision. It is not about what we claim to believe, but what we actually do believe, that is true faith. Trust in the Lord with all your heart, And lean not on your own understanding, In all your ways acknowledge Him, And He shall direct your paths.† Proverb 3:5-6 That has to be my favorite proverb from the bible, whenever I feel like screaming â€Å"Why Me†, I simply play that proverb in my head and just tell†¦show more content†¦In a time of need, faith is always the answer to the problem. God’s help is the best that you can get, he is the almighty and can teach us right from wrong. I went to public school most of my grade school ye ars so I did not have religion class until 8th grade, but I attended Religious Education (CCD) every Sunday at 9 a.m. I had a great teacher, Ms. *******. She made learning actually fun, we would have a bunch of open discussions and at the end of each class we would play trash can ball with facts we learned in class. The only thing I did not like about the class is I felt like it wasn’t well organized, we were thrown all this information out of order and all at once. I had my first communion in second grade with my CCD class at ************, Georgia. I am not yet confirmed but I will be getting confirmed this year. I am very excited to be officially in the Catholic Church. I was baptized when I was very young at ***********************. My family is very religious. My family consists of my dad, my mom , my sister , me ,and of course my dog. We pray together before every meal and at night before we all go to bed. We also always attend mass as a family, It would not be the sa me going to mass without my entire family there. It is fantastic to have a religious family because when ever I have a question about the Bible or even my Catholic faith in general, I always have someone to go to. I feel very luckyShow MoreRelatedHow American Experience Reflects Global Faith1139 Words   |  5 Pagesthat occur in global Christianity today. Terms like â€Å"American experience†, â€Å"American Christianity†, â€Å"American Mission†, â€Å"American power†, etc., undoubtedly express the American role in the expansion of Christianity. As they attempted to spread the gospel, Americans, by large, decontextualized neither their theology nor their understanding of missions. 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